See хрен on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "хрѣнъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic хрѣнъ (xrěnŭ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "хрѣнъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic хрѣнъ (xrěnŭ)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xrěnъ",
"t": "horseradish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ (“horseradish”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic хрѣнъ (xrěnŭ)?, from Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ (“horseradish”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xren",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́на",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "хрена́^*",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ны",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нов",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хрено́вый",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́н",
"roman": "xrén",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ны",
"roman": "xrény",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́на",
"roman": "xréna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
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]
},
{
"form": "хре́нов",
"roman": "xrénov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ну",
"roman": "xrénu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нам",
"roman": "xrénam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́н",
"roman": "xrén",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ны",
"roman": "xrény",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ном",
"roman": "xrénom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нами",
"roman": "xrénami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́не",
"roman": "xréne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нах",
"roman": "xrénax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "хрѣнъ",
"roman": "xrěn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adj": "хрено́вый",
"gen_sg": "хре́на,хрена́*",
"notes": "* See usage notes."
},
"expansion": "хрен • (xren) m inan (genitive хре́на or хрена́^*, nominative plural хре́ны, genitive plural хре́нов, relational adjective хрено́вый) (* See usage notes.)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Crucifers",
"orig": "ru:Crucifers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "ru:Male people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Spices and herbs",
"orig": "ru:Spices and herbs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "52 15 16 17",
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"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 10 11 12",
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"name": "Pages with entries",
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{
"_dis": "52 20 20 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 30 6 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian intensifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 21 27 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 17 20 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 17 16 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with multiple animacies",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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103,
115
],
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144,
156
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89,
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"english": "'Have you any sucking-pig?' was the question Tchitchikov addressed to the woman.\n'Yes, we have.'\n'With horse-radish and sour cream?'\n'Yes, with horse-radish and sour cream.'\n'Let me have some!'",
"ref": "1842, Николай Гоголь [Nikolai Gogol], “Том I, Глава IV”, in Мёртвые души; English translation from Constance Garnett, transl., Dead Souls, London: Chatto & Windus, 1922:",
"roman": "Porosjónok jestʹ? — s takím voprósom obratílsja Číčikov k stojávšej bábe.\n— Jestʹ.\n— S xrénom i so smetánoju?\n— S xrénom i so smetánoju.\n— Daváj jevó sjudá!",
"text": "Поросё́нок есть? — с таки́м вопро́сом обрати́лся Чи́чиков к стоя́вшей ба́бе.\n— Есть.\n— С хре́ном и со смета́ною?\n— С хре́ном и со смета́ною.\n— Дава́й его́ сюда́!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"horseradish (plant, condiment)"
],
"id": "en-хрен-ru-noun-DaiB6trc",
"links": [
[
"horseradish",
"horseradish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xrʲen]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-хрен.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/Ru-%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD.ogg/Ru-%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD.ogg.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "хрен"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "xrenóvina",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хрено́вина"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "xrenoténʹ",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хреноте́нь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "xrenʹ",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хрень"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "xrenovúxa",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хренову́ха"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "xrénov",
"word": "хре́нов"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "xrenóvyj",
"word": "хрено́вый"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "oxrenevátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "охренева́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "oxrenétʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "охрене́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "xren s gorý",
"word": "хрен с горы́"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Euphemistic alteration of хуй (xuj, a vulgar curse) or хер (xer, a less vulgar version), influenced by the noun хрен (xren, “horseradish”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xren",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́на",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ны",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нов",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хрено́вый",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́н",
"roman": "xrén",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ны",
"roman": "xrény",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́на",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хрена́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xréna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xrená",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нов",
"roman": "xrénov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ну",
"roman": "xrénu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нам",
"roman": "xrénam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́на",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хрена́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xréna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xrená",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нов",
"roman": "xrénov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́н",
"roman": "xrén",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ны",
"roman": "xrény",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́ном",
"roman": "xrénom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нами",
"roman": "xrénami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́не",
"roman": "xréne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хре́нах",
"roman": "xrénax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "хрѣнъ",
"roman": "xrěn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"a": "ia",
"adj": "хрено́вый"
},
"expansion": "хрен • (xren) m inan or m anim (genitive хре́на, nominative plural хре́ны, genitive plural хре́нов, relational adjective хрено́вый)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian minced oaths",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
13,
23
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
3,
8
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
9
]
],
"english": "I understand bugger-all about how to put this together.",
"raw_tags": [
"note the stress"
],
"roman": "Ni xrená ne ponimáju, kak éto sobrátʹ.",
"text": "Ни хрена́ не понима́ю, как э́то собра́ть.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
14
]
],
"english": "What the hell did he come for?",
"raw_tags": [
"note the stress"
],
"roman": "Kakóvo xréna on prišól?",
"text": "Како́го хре́на он пришёл?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "Nuts to you!",
"raw_tags": [
"note the stress"
],
"roman": "Xrén tebé!",
"text": "Хре́н тебе́!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prick (penis); used as a general curse and intensifier: crap, hell, nuts"
],
"id": "en-хрен-ru-noun-rEMLaRz6",
"links": [
[
"minced oath",
"minced oath"
],
[
"prick",
"prick"
],
[
"intensifier",
"Appendix:Glossary#intensifier"
],
[
"crap",
"crap"
],
[
"hell",
"hell"
],
[
"nuts",
"nuts"
]
],
"qualifier": "minced oath",
"raw_glosses": [
"(inanimate, minced oath, vulgar) prick (penis); used as a general curse and intensifier: crap, hell, nuts"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"vulgar"
],
"word": "хуй"
},
{
"tags": [
"vulgar"
],
"word": "хер"
},
{
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "шиш"
},
{
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "фиг"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"vulgar"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"prick, asshole (a term of contempt for a man)"
],
"id": "en-хрен-ru-noun-wBaUAwa2",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"prick",
"prick"
],
[
"asshole",
"asshole"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(animate, derogatory, vulgar) prick, asshole (a term of contempt for a man)"
],
"tags": [
"animate",
"derogatory",
"vulgar"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 21 21 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 27 20 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular genitive singular",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"old fart"
],
"id": "en-хрен-ru-noun-0R0yS75p",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"old fart",
"old fart"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(animate, derogatory, vulgar) old fart"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "хрыч"
},
{
"word": "ста́рый хрыч"
}
],
"tags": [
"animate",
"derogatory",
"vulgar"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xrʲen]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-хрен.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/Ru-%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD.ogg/Ru-%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Ru-%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD.ogg"
}
],
"word": "хрен"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "sla-pro",
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"4": "",
"5": "",
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"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "хре̏н",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "hrȅn",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun-unc\n",
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},
{
"form": "хре̏н",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хрѐна",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хрену",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хрен",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хрене",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "хрену",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хреном",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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"g": "m",
"head": "хре̏н"
},
"expansion": "хре̏н m (Latin spelling hrȅn)",
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}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "хре̏н",
"2": "хрѐна",
"3": "хрену",
"4": "хрен",
"5": "хрене",
"6": "хрену",
"7": "хреном"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun-unc"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
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"english": "'Have you any sucking-pig?' was the question Tchitchikov addressed to the woman.\n'Yes, we have.'\n'With horse-radish and sour cream?'\n'Yes, with horse-radish and sour cream.'\n'Let me have some!'",
"ref": "1842, Николай Гоголь [Nikolai Gogol], “Том I, Глава IV”, in Мёртвые души; English translation from Constance Garnett, transl., Dead Souls, London: Chatto & Windus, 1922:",
"roman": "Porosjónok jestʹ? — s takím voprósom obratílsja Číčikov k stojávšej bábe.\n— Jestʹ.\n— S xrénom i so smetánoju?\n— S xrénom i so smetánoju.\n— Daváj jevó sjudá!",
"text": "Поросё́нок есть? — с таки́м вопро́сом обрати́лся Чи́чиков к стоя́вшей ба́бе.\n— Есть.\n— С хре́ном и со смета́ною?\n— С хре́ном и со смета́ною.\n— Дава́й его́ сюда́!",
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],
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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],
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{
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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},
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},
{
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},
{
"form": "хре́нами",
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},
{
"form": "хре́не",
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},
{
"form": "хре́нах",
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"prepositional"
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},
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}
],
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}
],
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13,
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8
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3,
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"raw_tags": [
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},
{
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13
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],
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7,
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8,
14
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],
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[
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[
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],
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{
"tags": [
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],
"word": "хуй"
},
{
"tags": [
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],
"word": "хер"
},
{
"tags": [
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],
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{
"tags": [
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],
"word": "фиг"
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],
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},
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],
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],
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]
},
{
"categories": [
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"glosses": [
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],
[
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"old fart"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "хрыч"
},
{
"word": "ста́рый хрыч"
}
],
"tags": [
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"vulgar"
]
}
],
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"ipa": "[xrʲen]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-хрен.ogg",
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],
"word": "хрен"
}
{
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],
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},
{
"form": "hrȅn",
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},
{
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]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun-unc\n",
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},
{
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},
{
"form": "хрѐна",
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]
},
{
"form": "хрену",
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},
{
"form": "хрен",
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},
{
"form": "хрене",
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]
},
{
"form": "хрену",
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},
{
"form": "хреном",
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}
],
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],
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"5": "хрене",
"6": "хрену",
"7": "хреном"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun-unc"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"sh:Crucifers",
"sh:Spices and herbs"
],
"glosses": [
"horseradish"
],
"links": [
[
"horseradish",
"horseradish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xrên/"
}
],
"word": "хрен"
}
Download raw JSONL data for хрен meaning in All languages combined (14.8kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ('genitive',): 'хрена́^*' in 'хрен • (xren) m inan (genitive хре́на or хрена́^*, nominative plural хре́ны, genitive plural хре́нов, relational adjective хрено́вый) (* See usage notes.)'",
"path": [
"хрен"
],
"section": "Russian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "хрен",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: * See usage notes.",
"path": [
"хрен"
],
"section": "Russian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "хрен",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (9c82c1c and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.